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Dr. Khaled Makkouk

Khaled Makkouk, Lebanon

  • Education:
    1. B.Sc. Cairo University, College of Agriculture. Degree conferred 1963.
    2. M.Sc. Louisiana State University, Plant Pathology Department. Major in Plant Pathology, area of specialization is plant virology. Thesis title "Viruses infecting tomato breeding lines in Louisiana". Degree conferred August 1971.
    3. Ph.D. University of California at Riverside, Plant Pathology Department. Major in plant pathology, area of specialization is plant virology. Thesis title "Characterization of potato virus strains isolated from pepper in California. Degree conferred June 1974.
       
  • Experience
    1. 1964-1969: Ministry of Agriculture-Green Plan. Job responsibilities were developing land for agriculture use.
       
    2. 1972-1973: Teaching assistant, Plant Pathology Department, University of California at Riverside.
    3. 1974-1985: Researcher with the National Council for Scientific Research (Lebanon), working on virus diseases of economic crops.
    4. 1976-1977: Assistant Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Jordan (on leave from the National Council)
    5. 1977-1985: Associate Professor of Plant Pathology (part time) at the Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut.
    6. 1985-2002: Virologist, International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Aleppo, Syria.
    7. 2002-present: President, Al-Manar University, Tripoli, Lebanon

     
  • Fellowships/ Awards
    1. Received a fellowship from the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) and spent three months as a visiting researcher at the University of Bonn, Institute of Plant Diseases January 15-April 15, 1976, working in the lab. of Dr. Franz Nienhaus on virus inhibitors.
    2. Received another fellowship from DAAD and visited the German "Federal Biological Research on Agriculture and Forestry" where I stayed from August 20 until October 8, 1979 working in the lab of Dr. D. Lesemann on techniques in electronmicroscopy.
    3. Visiting Researcher at the Irrigated Agriculture Research and Extension Center of Washington State University, Prosser, Washington, USA, for 4 months June 15, 1982- October 15, 1982.
    4. Visiting scientist at Agriculture Canada/ Laval University, Sainte Foy, Quebec, Canada, July 1992 - July 1993.
    5. Selected as Senior Researcher of the Year, ICARDA, 2000.
       
  • Membership In Professional Committees
    1. Special Projects Committee of the International Society of Plant Pathology (ISPP) 1983-1988.
    2. Arab Society for Plant Protection, Secretary Treasurer 1981-1994; Vise President 1994-1997; President 1998-2000.
    3. Board member of the Mediterranean Phytopathological Union, 1988-1991 and 1998-Present.
    4. Editorial Board Member, Phytopathologia Mediterranea, 1995-present
    5. Chairman, Steering Committee, Mediterranean Fruit Improvement Council, 1983-1991.
    6. Member of the Plant Virus Subcommittee of the International Committee for Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), 1988-1999.
    7. Member of on-going international specialized working groups, such as the working group on (i) potyviruses, (ii) luteoviruses, and (iii) nanoviruses.
    8. Executive Secretary, International Working Group on Legume Viruses, 1994-1996.
    9. Editor-in-Chief, Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 2000- Present.

     
  • Publication
    1. Makkouk, K. M. and Holcomb, G. E. 1972. Viruses infecting tomato in Louisiana. Plant Dis. Reptr. 56:272.
       
    2. Makkouk, K. M. and Gumpf, D. J. 1974. Isolation and properties of potato virus Y ribonucleic acid. Phytopathology 64:1115-1118.
       
    3. Makkouk, K. M. and Gumpf, D. J. 1974. Further identification of naturally occurring virus diseases of pepper in california. Plant Dis. Reptr. 58: 1002-1006
       
    4. Makkouk, K. M. and Gumpf, D. J. 1975. Characterization of the protein and nucleic acid of potato virus Y strains isolated from pepper. Virology 63: 336-344.
       
    5. Makkouk, K. M. and Gumpf, D. J. 1976. Characterization of potato virus Y strains isolated from pepper. Phytopathology 66: 576-581.
       
    6. Makkouk, K. M. 1976. Reaction of tomato cultivars to tobacco mosaic and tomato yellow leaf curl viruses in Lebanon. Polyjoprivredna Znanstvena Smotra (Zagreb) 39: 121-126.
       
    7. Macaron, J. Laterrot, H., Davet, P., Makkouk, K. M. et Ravise, A. 1976. Etude du comportement au Liban de varietes et hybrides de Lycopersicum esculentum Mill. Resistants au nematodes, au virus de la mosaique du tabac et aux principaux micromycetes parasites. Poljoprivredna Znanstvena Smotra (Zagreb) 39: 113-119.
       
    8. Makkouk, K. M. 1978. A study on tomato viruses in the Jordan Valley with special emphasis on tomato yellow leaf curl. Plant Disease Reporter 62: 259-262.
       
    9. Abu-Gharbieh, W. I. Makkouk, K. M. and Saghir, A. R. 1978. Response of different tomato cultivars to the root-knot nematode, tomato yellow leaf curl virus, and Orbanche in Jordan. Plant Disease Reporter 62: 263-266.
       
    10. Makkouk, K. M., Shehab, S. and Majdalani, S. 1979. Tomato yellow leaf curl: Incidence, yield losses and transmission in Lebanon. Phytopath. Z. 96: 263-266.
       
    11. Makkouk, K. M. and Rana, N. H. 1979. Occurrence of tomato mosaic virus in the soils of the coastal region of Lebanon. Plant Disease Reporter 63: 290-293.
       
    12. Makkouk, K. M. and Shehab, S. 1980. Identification, properties, and incidence of carnation mottle virus on carnations in Lebanon. Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection 87: 557-561.
       
    13. Makkouk, K. M. and Lesemann, D. E. 1980. A severe mosaic of cucumbers in Lebanon caused by watermelon mosaic virus I. Plant Disease 64: 799-801.
       
    14. Makkouk, K. M., Koenig, R. and Leseman, D. E. 1981. Characterization of a tombusvirus isolated from eggplant. Phytopathology 71: 572-577.
       
    15. Makkouk, K. M. Lesemann, D. E. and Haddad, N. A. 1982. Bean yellow mosaic virus from broad bean in Lebanon: incidence, host range, purification, and serological properties. Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection 89: 59-66.
       
    16. Makkouk, K. M. and Jarikji, O.A. 1983. Detection of sap-transmissible viruses infecting cereals in Jordan, Lebanon and Syria. Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection 90: 12-17.
       
    17. Laterrot, H. and Makkouk, K. M. 1983. Selection for partial resistance to tomato yellow leaf curl virus (=TYLCV). Tomato Genetic Cooperative report 33.
       
    18. Makkouk, K. M. and Laterrot, H. 1983. Epidemiology and Control of tomato yellow leaf curl virus, 315-321. In Plant Virus Epidemiology, R.T. Plumb and J.M. Thresh editors. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 368 pp.
       
    19. Faris-Mukhayyish, S. and Makkouk, K. M. 1983. Detection of four seed-borne plant viruses by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Phytopathol. Z. 106: 108 114.
       
    20. Koeing, R., Lesemann, D.E., Huth, W. and Makkouk, K. M. 1983. Comparison of the new cucumber soil-borne virus with tombus-, diantho-, and other similar viruses. Phytopathology 73: 515-520.
       
    21. Makkouk, K. M. and Fadi Asli. 1983. Apple rough skin disease on apples in Lebanon. Arab J. Pl. Prot. 1: 25-26.
       
    22. Lesemann, D. E., Makkouk, K. M., Koeing, R. and Natafji Samman, E. 1983. Natural infection of cucumbers by zucchini yellow mosaic virus. Phytopathologische Zeitchrift 108: 304-313.
       
    23. Makkouk, K. M. and Faris-Mukhayyish, S. 1983. Detection of citrus tristeza virus by different variants of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Phytopathologia Mediterranea 22: 177-180.
       
    24. Makkouk, K. M., Ghanem, G. and Khatib, H. 1984. Survey of virus and virus-like diseases affecting citrus in Lebanon. Arab J. Pl. Prot. 2: 23-27.
       
    25. Saghir, A. R. and Makkouk, K. M. 1984. Present and future status of Plant Protection in the Arab countries. Arab J. Pl. Prot. 2: 53-58.
    26. Makkouk, K. M. and Menassa, R. E. 1985. Effects of mineral oil spray on aphid transmission of Zucchini yellow mosaic virus to cucumbers. Arab J. Pl. Prot. 3: 18-23.
       
    27. Azzam, O. I., and Makkouk, K. M. 1985. A survey of viruses affecting dry been and cowpea in Lebanon. Arab J. Pl. Prot.3: 76-80.
       
    28. Makkouk, K. M. and Faris-Mukhayyish, S. 1985. Economizing mass indexing of citrus tristeza virus by the enzyme-linked immunosobent assay (ELISA). Lebanese Bulletin 1: 7-12.
       
    29. Menassa, R., Makkouk, K. M. and Abbasher, A. A. 1986. Detectionof Zucchini yellow mosaic virus in intact leaf disks and tissue extracts by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. J. Phytopathology 115: 152-159.
       
    30. Makkouk, K. M., Lesemann, D. E., Vetten, H. J. and O. I. Azzam. 1986. Host range and serological properties of two potyvirus isolates from Phaseolus vulgaris in Lebanon. Tropical Agriculture Research (Japan) 19: 187-194.
       
    31. Azzam, O.I., and Makkouk, K.M. 1986. Purification of two potyvirus isolates infecting Phaseolus vulgaris in Lebanon. Phytopathologia Mediterranea 25: 125-130.
       
    32. Makkouk, K. M., Azzam, O. I., Katul, L., Rizkallah, A. and Koumari S. 1986. Seed transmission of broad bean stain virus in the wild legume Vicia palaestina Boiss. FABIS 16: 40-41.
       
    33. Makkouk, K.M. and R.E. Menassa. 1986. Inhibiting aphid-spread zucchini yellow mosaic virus with oil sprays. J. Plant Diseases and Protection 93(1):104-107.
       
    34. Makkouk, K. M., and Azzam, O. I. 1986. Detection of broad bean stain virus in lentil seed groups. Lens 13(2): 37-38.
       
    35. Katul, L. and Makkouk, K. M. 1987. Occurrence and serological relatedness of five cucurbit potyviruses in Lebanon and Syria. Phytopathologia Mediterranea 26:36 42.
       
    36. Makkouk, K. M., Bos, L., Azzam, O. I., Katul, L. and Rizkallah, A. 1987. Broad bean stain virus: identification detectability in faba bean leaves and seeds, occurrence in West Asia and North Africa and possible wild hosts. Netherlands Journal of Plant Pathology 93: 97-106.
       
    37. Makkouk, K. M., Azzam, O. I. and Katul, L. 1987. Sensitivity of dot-ELISA on nitrocellulose membranes in comparison with ELISA on polystyrene plates for the detection of four plant viruses. Lebanese Science Bulletin 3: 29-35.
       
    38. Abdallay, A., Makkouk, K. M. and Cardona, C. 1987. Control of Heliothis spp. on chickpea by insect pathogenic nuclear polyhedrosis virus. Arab Journal of Plant Protection 5: 78-80.
       
    39. Makkouk, K. M. 1987. Testing for barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) at ICARDA. RACHIS 6:43
       
    40. Makkouk, K. M., Eastop, V. F., Wilding, N. and Irani, I. 1987. Natural infection of the cereal aphid Metopolophium dirhodum with a fungus in Syria. RACHIS 6: 43-44.
       
    41. Makkouk, K. M., Katul, L. and Rizkallah A. 1987. Electrophoretic separation: an alternative simple procedure for the purification of broad bean mottle and alfalfa mosaic viruses. FABIS 19: 12-14.
       
    42. Bos, L., Hampton, R. O., and Makkouk, K. M. 1988. Viruses and virus diseases of pea, lentil, faba bean and chickpea. pp 591-615 in World Crops: Cool Season Food Legumes. R. J. Summerfield (ed.). Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dodrecht, The Netherlands, 1179 pp.
       
    43. Makkouk, K. M., Bos, L., Azzam, O. I., Koumari, S., and Rizkallah, L. 1988. Survey of viruses affecting faba bean in six Arab countries. Arab Journal of Plant Protection 6: 53-61.
       
    44. Makkouk, K. M., Bos, L. Rizkallah, A., Azzam, O. I., and Katul, L. 1988. Broad bean mottle virus: identification, serology, host range and occurrence on faba bean (Vicia faba) in West Asia and North Africa. Netherlands Journal of Plant Pathology 94: 195-212.
       
    45. Skaf, J. S. and Makkouk, K. M. 1988. Comparison between mechanical and aphid inoculation of bean yellow mosaic virus to faba bean. FABIS 21: 34-36.
       
    46. Skaf, J. S. and Makkouk, K. M. 1988. Aphid transmission of bean yellow mosaic and bean leaf roll viruses in Syria. Phytopathologia Mediterranea 27: 133-137.
       
    47. Skaf, J. S. and Makkouk, K. M. 1988. Resistance indicators to barley yellow dwarf virus in barley, durum and bread wheat. RACHIS 7: 53-54.
       
    48. Skaf, J. S. Makkouk, K. M., Al-Azmeh, F. and Al-Kassis, W. 1988. Aphid transmission, distribution and serotyping of barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) in Syria. Arab Journal of Plant Protection 6: 97-105.
       
    49. Comeau, A. and Makkouk, K. M. 1988. Recent progress in barley yellow dwarf virus research: interactions with diseases and other stresses. RACHIS 7: 5-11.
       
    50. Makkouk, K.M., L. Katul and A. Rizkallah. 1988. A simple procedure for the purification and antiserum production of bean yellow mosaic virus. J. Phytopathology 122:89-93.
       
    51. Mamluk, O. F., Haware, M. P., Makkouk, K.M. and Hanouniok, S.B. 1989. Occurrence, losses and control of important cereal and food legume diseases in West Asia and North Africa. Tropical Agriculture Research Series No. 22 (Japan): 131-140.
       
    52. Makkouk, K. M., Beck, D. and Diekmann, M. 1989. Applications of immuno and DNA hybridization diagnostics in research at ICARDA. pp. 399-411 In Proceedings of a USAID Symposium on "Strengthening Collaboration in Biotechnology: International Agricultural Research and the Private Sector" held April 17-21, 1988 in Rosslyn, Virginia, U.S.A.
       
    53. Makkouk K. M. and Hanouniok, S. B. 1989. Major faba bean diseases with special emphasis on virus diseases. Proceedings of the International Symposium on faba bean, Hangzhou, China, May 24-26, 1989.
       
    54. Makkouk, K. M., Barker, I. and Skaf, J. 1989. Serotyping of barley yellow dwarf virus isolates on cereal crops in countries of West Asia and North Africa. Phytopathologia Mediterranean 28: 164-168.
       
    55. Makkouk, K. M. and Kumari, S. 1989. Apion arrogans, a weevil vector of broad bean mottle virus. FABIS 25: 26-27.
       
    56. M. Makkouk and W. Ghulam. 1989. Wheat wild relatives as possible sources of resistance to barley yellow dwarf virus. RACHIS 8 (2): 36-37
       
    57. Makkouk, K. M., Azzam, O. I., Skaf, J., El-Yamani, M., Cherif, C. and Zouba, A. 1990. Situation review of barley yellow dwarf virus in West Asia and North Africa. pp 61-65 In World Perspectives on Barley Yellow Dwarf. Burnett P.A. (ed.). CIMMYT, Mexico, D.F., Mexico.
       
    58. Makkouk, K. M., Kumari, S. G. and Bos, L. 1990. Broad bean wilt virus: host range, purification, serology, transmission characteristics, and occurrence in faba bean in West Asia and North Africa-Netherlands Journal of Plant Pathology 96: 291-300.
       
    59. Thottappilly, G., Rossel, H. W., Reddy, D. V. R., Morales, F. J., Green, S. K. and Makkouk, K. M. 1990. Vectors of virus and mycoplasma diseases of tropical food legumes: an overview-pages 323-342. In Insect pests of Tropical Food Legumes, S.R. Singh (ed). John Wiley and Sons Ltd. New York, 451 pp.
       
    60. Makkouk, K. M. and S. G. Kumari. 1990. variability among 19 lentil genotypes in seed transmission rates and yield loss induced by broad bean stain virus infection. LENS Newsletter 17 (2): 31- 33.
       
    61. Bos, L., K. M. Makkouk and B. Bayaa. 1990. Witches'broom and decline of Eucalyptus, a serious disease in Syria, likely caused by mycoplasma. Arab J. Pl. Prot. 8:133-135.
       
    62. Aldaoud, R., M. El-Ahmed, B. Bayaa and K. Makkouk. 1991. Incompatability between root stock and scion of grapevine in Syria is possibly caused by a virus. Arab J. Pl. Prot. 9:66- 67.
       
    63. Makkouk, K. M., W. Abu-Gharbieh, B. Bayaa, S. Sharif and A. R. Saghir. 1991. Plant protection research in the Arab countries: present status and future perspectives. Arab J. Pl. Prot. 9:68-79.
       
    64. El-Yamani, M., K. M. Makkouk, B. Hafidi and K. El-Kassemi. 1992. Contribution to the study of barley yellow dwarf virus in the Souss-Massa region of Morocco. Phytopatho. Medit. 31:41-45.
       
    65. Comeau, A. and K. Makkouk(eds.) 1992. Barley yellow dwarf in West Asia and North Africa. Proceedings of a workshop, ICARDA, Aleppo, Syria, 239pp.
       
    66. Aboul-Ata, A. E., J. C. Thouvenel, K. M. Makkouk and M. M. Satour. 1992. Barley yellow dwarf virus in Egypt: natural incidence, transmission and wild hosts. Arab J. Pl. Prot. 10:226-231.
       
    67. Makkouk, K. M., W. Radwan and A. Haj Kassem. 1992. Survey of seed-borne viruses in barley, lentil and faba bean seeds in Syria. Arab J. Pl. Prot. 10:3-8.
       
    68. Makkouk, K. M. and M. Singh. 1992. Clustering Potiviridae species on the basis of four major traits. Archives of Virology Supplement 5:177-182.
       
    69. Makkouk, K. M., O. F. Mamluk and W. Ghulam. 1992. Barley yellow dwarf research at the International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA). pp. 61-68 In: Barley Yellow Dwarf in West Asia and North Africa. A. Comeau and K. M. Makkouk (eds.). ICARDA, Aleppo, Syria.
       
    70. Yusuf, A., K. M. Makkouk, S. P. S. Beniwal and Y. Semeane. 1992. Survey of barley yellow dwarf virus in small grain cereals in the Ethiopean highlands. pp. 87-90 In A. Comeau and K. M. Makkouk (eds.) Barley Yellow Dwarf in West Asia and North Africa. ICARDA, Aleppo, Syria.
       
    71. Makkouk, K. M., S. G. Kumari and A. Shehade. 1992. Seed transmission of pea seed-borne mosaic virus in Lathyrus and Vicia forage legume species. Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection 99:561-563.
       
    72. Makkouk, K. M., S. G. Kumari and R. Al-Daoud. 1992. Survey of viruses affecting lentil (Lens culinaris) in Syria. Phytopathol. Medit. 31:188-190.
       
    73. Bos, L., M. A. M. Mahir, M. Fortass and K. M. Makkouk. 1992. A mild strain of broad bean mottle virus from faba bean (Vicia faba L.) in the Sudan. Neth. J. Pl. Path. 98:253-256.
       
    74. Makkouk, K. M. and W. Ghulam. 1992. Resistance of barley genotypes with the Yd2 gene to the movement of barley yellow dwarf virus. RACHIS Newsletter 11(1/2): 81-82.
       
    75. Mamluk, O. F., O. Tahhan, R. H. Miller, B. Bayaa, K. M. Makkouk and S. B. Hanounik. 1992. A checklist of cereal, food legume and pasture and forage crops diseases and insectsin Syria. Arab J. Pl. Prot. 10:166-225.
       
    76. Makkouk, K. M., H. T. Hsu and S. G. Kumari. 1993. Detection of three plant viruses by dot-blot and tissue-blot immunoassays using chemiluminescent and chromogenic substrates. J. Phytopathol. 139:97-102
       
    77. Bos, L., M. A. M. Mahir and K. Makkouk. 1993. Some properties of an isolate of pea early-browning tobravirus from faba bean (Vicia faba L.) in Libya. Phytopathol. Medit. 32:7-13.
       
    78. Makkouk, K. M., S. G. Kumari and L. Bos. 1993. Pea seed-borne mosaic virus: occurrence in faba bean (Vicia faba L.) and lentil (Lens culinaris Med.) in West Asia and North Africa, and further information on host range, transmission charecteristics, and purification. Neth. J. Pl. Path. 99:115-124.
       
    79. Makkouk, K. M. and S. G. Kumari. 1993. Movement of bean yellow mosaic virus in susceptible and resistant faba bean genotypes. FABIS 32:35-38.
       
    80. Katul, L., H. J. Vetten, E. Maiss, K. M. Makkouk, D. E. Lesemann and R. Casper. 1993. Charecteristics and serology of virus-like particles associated with faba bean necrotic yellows. Ann. Appl. Biol. 123:629-647.
    81. Kumari, S.G., K. M. Makkouk and I.D. Ismail. 1993. Survey of seed-borne viruses in lentil in Syria and their effect on lentil yield. Arab J. Pl. Prot. 11:28-32.
       
    82. Kumari, S.G. and K. M. Makkouk. 1993. Evaluation of different ELISA procedures for the detection of pea seed-borne mosaic potyvirus and broad bean stain comovirus in lentil leaf extracts. Arab J. Pl. Prot. 11(2): 86-91.
       
    83. Makkouk, K. M., L. Bos, N. M. Horn and B. Srinivasa Rao. 1993. Screening for virus resistance in cool-season legumes. pp. 179-192 In K. B. Singh and M. C. Saxena (eds.) Breeding for Stress Tolerence in Cool-Season Food Legumes. John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, UK.
       
    84. Bos, L. and K. M. Makkouk. 1993. Plant viruses as pests of quarantine significance in seed. pp. 133-139. In Quarantine for Seed, S.B. Mathur and H. K. Manandhar (eds). FAO Plant Production and Protection Paper 119. 296 pp.
       
    85. Makkouk, K. M. and L. Bos. 1993. Detection of seed-borne viruses in seed. pp 179-184. In Quarantine for Seed, S.B. Mathur and H. K. Manandhar (eds). FAO Plant Production and Protection Paper 119. 296 pp.
       
    86. Makkouk, K. M. and S. B. Hanounik. 1993. Major faba bean disease with special emphasis on viral disease. pp 123-137. In: Faba bean Production and Research in China. M.C. Saxena, S. Weigand and L. Li-Juan (eds.). International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Aleppo, Syria.
       
    87. Bos, L. and K. M. Makkouk. 1994. Insects in relation to virus epidemiology in cool season legumes. pp. 305-332. In F. Muhelbauer and W. Kaiser (eds.), Expanding the Production and use of Cool Season Legumes. Kluwer Academic Publishers.
       
    88. Kumari, S. G., K. M. Makkouk and I. D. Ismail. 1994. Seed transmission and yield loss induced in lentil (Lens culinaris Med.) by bean yellow mosaic potyvirus. LENS 21(1): 42-44.
       
    89. Comeau, A., K. M. Makkouk, F. Ahmad and C. A. St-Pierre. 1994. Bread wheat X Agrotricum crosses as a source of immunity and resistance to the PAV strain of of barley yellow dwarf luteovirus. Agronomie 2: 153-160.
       
    90. Makkouk, K. M. and A. Comeau. 1994. Evaluation of various methods for the detection of barley yellow dwarf luteovirus by the tissue-blot immunoassay and its use for BYDV detection in cereals inoculated at different growth stages. European J. Pl. Path. 100:71-80.
       
    91. Makkouk, K. M., A. Comeau and W. Ghulam. 1994. Resistance to barley yellow dwarf luteovirus in Aegilops species. Can. J. Plant Science 74(3): 631-634.
       
    92. Makkouk, K.M. 1994. Viruses and virus diseases of cool season food legumes in West Asia and North Africa. IPA Journal for Agri. Research. 4(1): 98-115.
       
    93. Makkouk, K. M. and S. G. Kumari. 1993. Production of antisera for sensitive detection of two cereal viruses by different ELISA variants. RACHIS 12(1/2):24-27.
       
    94. Makkouk, K. M., A. Comeau and C. A. St-Pierre. 1994. Screening for barley yellow dwarf luteovirus resistance in barley on the basis of virus movement. J. Phytopathol. 141: 165-172.
       
    95. Lister, R. M., A. E. Aboul-Ata, Y. El-Dawoudi, D. Marshall, K. M. Makkouk, M. M. Satour and E. Ghanim. 1994. Serotyping of barley yellow dwarf virus isolates from Egypt. Phytopathol. Medit. 152-157.
       
    96. Makkouk, K. M., L. Rizkallah, M. Madkour, M. El-Sherbeiny, S. G. Kumari, A.W. Amriti and M. B. Solh. 1994. Survey of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) for viruses in Egypt. Phytopathologia Mediterranea 33:207-211
       
    97. Mouhanna, A. M., K. M. Makkouk and I. D. Ismail. 1994. Survey of virus disease of wild and cultivated legumes in the coastal region of Syria. Arab J. Pl. Prot. 12(1):12-19.
       
    98. Mouhanna, A. M., K. M. Makkouk and I. D. Ismail. 1994. Preliminary screening of lentil genotypes for resistance to faba bean necrotic yellows (FBNYV). LENS 21(2): 41-43.
       
    99. Makkouk, K. M. and S. G. Kumari. 1995. Transmission of broad bean stain comovirus and broad bean mottle bromovirus by weevils in Syria. Journal of Plant Disease and Protection 102(2):136-139.
       
    100. Kumari, S. G. and K. M. Makkouk. 1995. Variability among twenty lentil genotypes in seed transmission rated and yield loss induced by pea seed-borne mosaic potyvirus infection. Phytopathologia Mediterranea 34: 129-132.
       
    101. Franz, A., K. M. Makkouk and H. J. Vetten. 1995. Faba bean necrotic yellows virus naturally infects Phaseolus Bean and cowpea in the coastal area of Syria. J. Phytopathology 143: 319-320.
       
    102. Makkouk, K. M. and S. G. Kumari. 1995. Screening and selection of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) germplasm for resistance to bean yellow mosaic potyvirus. Journal of Plant Disease and Protection 102(5): 461-466.
       
    103. Katul, L., H. J. Vetten, D. E. Lesemann, E. Maiss and K. M. Makkouk. 1995. Diagnostic methods for the detection of faba bean necrotic yellows virus, a circular ssDNA virus. EPPO Bulletin 25: 329-336.
       
    104. Makkouk, K. M., G. Dafalla, M. Hussein and S. G. Kumari. 1995. The natural occurrence of chickpea chlorotic dwarf geminivirus in chickpea and faba bean in the Sudan. J. Phytopathology 143: 465-466.
       
    105. Horn, N. M., K. M. Makkouk, S. G. Kumari, J. F. J. M. Van den Heuvel and D. V. R. Reddy. 1995. Survey of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) for chickpea stunt disease and associated viruses in Syria, Turkey and Lebanon. Phytopathologia Mediterranea 34: 192-198.
       
    106. Barnett, O. W., G. Adam, A. A. Brunt, J. Dijkstra, W. G. Dougherty, J. R. Edwardsn, R. Goldbach, J. Hammond, J. H. Hill, R. L. Jordan, S. Kashiwazaki, S. A. Lommel, K. Makkouk, F. J. Morales, S. T. Ohki, D. Purcifull, E. Shikata, D. D. Shulla and I. Uyeda. 1995. Family potyviridae. In Virus Taxonomy - Sixth report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (Murphy, F.A. et al. eds), Springer, Wien. pp.348-358.
       
    107. Makkouk, K. M. and S. G. Kumari. 1996. Detection of ten viruses by the tissue-blot immunoassay (TBIA). Arab Journal of Plant Protection 14(1): 3-9.
       
    108. Kumari, S. G. and K. M. Makkouk. 1996. Inactivation of broad bean stain comovirus in lentil seeds by dry heat treatment. Phytopathologia Mediterranea 35: 124-126.
       
    109. Franz, A., K. M. Makkouk, L. Katul and H. J. Vetten. 1996. Monoclonal antibodies for the detection and differentiation of faba bean necrotic yellows virus isolates. Ann. appl. Biol. 128:255-268.
       
    110. Makkouk, K.M., L. Bertschinger, M. Conti, N. Bolat and F. Dusunceli. 1996. Barley yellow striate mosaic rhabdovirus naturally infects cereal crops in the Anatolian Plateau of Turkey. J. Phytopathology 144:413-415.
    111. Makkouk, K.M. 1996. Integrated management of virus disease affecting cereal and legume crops. pp 319-322 In: Proceedings du Symposium Régional sur les Maladies des Céréales et des Legumineuses Alimentaires, B. Ezzahiri, A. Lyamani, A. Farih and M. El-Yamani (eds). INRA, Rabat, Morocco.
       
    112. Kumari, S.G., K.M. Makkouk and I.D. Ismail. 1996. Variation among isolates of two viruses affecting lentils: their effect on yield and seed transmissibility. Arab J. Pl. Prot. 14(2):81-85.
       
    113. Makkouk, K.M. 1995. Identification and control of economically important virus diseases in west Asia and north Africa with special emphasis on those of relevance to Lebanese agriculture. The proceedings of the First national Symposium on Agricultural Research, October 18, 1995, Beirut, Lebanon
       
    114. Kawas, H., K.M. Makkouk and M.F. Azemeh. 1996. Alfalfa mosaic virus on chickpea in Syria: purification, antiserum production and host range. Bassel Al-Assad Journal for the Sciences of Agricultural Engineering (1):55-62.
       
    115. Franz, A., K.M. Makkouk and H.J. Vetten. 1997. Host range of faba bean necrotic yellows virus and potential yield loss in infected faba bean. Phytopath. Medit. 36:94-103.
       
    116. Makkouk, K.M., V. Damsteegt, G.R. Johnstone, L. Katul, D.-E. Lesemann and S.G. Kumari. 1997. Identification and some properties of soybean dwarf luteovirus affecting lentil in Syria. Phytopathologia Mediterranea 36:135-144
    117. Makkouk, K.M. and S.G. Kumari. 1997. Natural occurrence of wheat streak mosaic virus on wheat in Syria. Rachis Newsletter 16(1/2): 74-76.
    118. Nassan, H.M, K.M. Makkouk and A.A. Haj Kassem. 1997. Detection of soybean dwarf luteovirus (SbDV) in some food legume crops by using different ELISA variants. Arab J. Pl. Prot. 15(2):74-79.
       
    119. Mamluk, O.F., L. Cetin, H.-J. Braun, N. Bolat, L. Bertschinger, K.M. Makkouk, A.F. Yildirim, E.E. Saari, N. Zencirci, S. Albustan, S. Cali, S.P.S. Beniwal and F. Dusunceli. 1997. Current status of wheat and barley diseases in the central Anatolian plateau of Turkey. Phytopathologia mediterranea 36(3):167-181.
       
    120. Makkouk, K.M. and S.G. Kumari. 1997. Etiology and control of soybean dwarf luteovirus affecting lentils (Lens culinaris) in Syria. Proceedings of 10th Congress of the Mediterranean Phytopathological Union. June 1-5, 1997, Montpellier - Lec Corum (France), 731-734.
       
    121. Makkouk, K.M., W. Erskine and N. Attar. 1997. Detection of seed-borne viruses in lentil mother plants as compared to harvested seeds. LENS Newsletter 24(1/2): 49-51.
       
    122. Bayaa, B., S.G. Kumari, A. Akkaya, W. Erskine, K.M. Makkouk, Z. Turk and I. Ozberk. 1998. Survey of major biotic stresses of lentil in South-East Anatolia, Turkey. Phytopath. Medit., 37:88-95.
       
    123. Makkouk, K.M., M. Bashir and Roger Jones. 1998. First record of faba bean necrotic yellows virus and beet western yellows luteovirus affecting lentil and chickpea in Pakistan. Plant Disease 82:591.
       
    124. Franz, A., K.M. Makkouk and H.J. Vetten. 1998. Acquisition, Retention and Transmission of faba bean necrotic yellows virus by two of its Aphid Vectors, Aphis craccivora (Koch) and Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris). J. Phytopathology 146:347-355.
       
    125. Makkouk, K.M., H.J. Vetten, L. Katul, A. Franz and M.A. Madkour. 1998. Epidemiology and control of faba bean necrotic yellows virus. Pages 534-540 (Chapter 40). In: Plant Virus Disease Control. A. Hadidi, R.K. Khetarpal and H. Koganezawa (eds.). APS Press, The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA.
       
    126. Makkouk, K.M. and S.G. Kumari. 1998. Further serological characterization of two tobravirus isolates from Algeria and Libya. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 1(4):303-306.
       
    127. Makkouk, K.M., L. Katul, S.G. Kumari and H.J. Vetten. 1998. Characterization and control of faba bean necrotic yellows Nanovirus affecting legume crops in west Asia and North Africa. Pp. 210-217 In: Proceedings of the Eighth Turkish Phytopathological Congress, 21-25 September, 1998. Ankara University, Turkey.
       
    128. Makkouk K.M, H.S. Bahamish, S.G. Kumari and A. Lotf. 1998. Major viruses affecting faba bean (Vicia faba L.) in Yemen. Arab J. Plant Prot. 16(2): 98-101.
       
    129. Makkouk, K.M. 1998. Virus diseases of legume crops transmitted persistently by sucking insects. Grain Legumes, AEP, No. 21- 3rd quarter: 9-10
       
    130. Bashir, M., R. Jones, K.M. Makkouk, S. Kumari, and M.H. Munawar. 1998. Survey for chickpea and lentil viruses in Pakistan. Pages 491 in 3rd European Conference on Grain Legumes: Opportunities for High Quality, Healthy and Added-Value Crops to Meet European Demands: Proceedings, 14-19 Nov. 1998, Valladolid, Spain. AEP/UNIP/PGRO. [Available from: AEP, 12 Avenue George V, 75008 Paris, France].
       
    131. Makkouk, K.M., S.G. Kumari and B. Bayaa. 1999. First report of pea enation mosaic virus affecting lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) in Syria. Plant Disease 83(3):303.
       
    132. Tadesse, N., K. Ali, D. Gorfu, A. Abraham, A. Lencho, M. Ayalew, A. Yusuf, K.M. Makkouk and S.G. Kumari. 1999. First report of soybean dwarf virus infecting lentil and beet western yellows virus infecting lentil and chickpea crops in Ethiopia. Plant Disease 83: 589.
       
    133. Hassan, H.T., K.M. Makkouk, A.A. Haj Kassem. 1999. Viral diseases on cultivated legume crops in Al-Ghab Plain, Syria. Arab J. Pl. Prot. 17(1):17-21.
       
    134. Hamwieh, A., K. Makkouk, B. Debs, A. El-Ahmed. 1999. Production of specific antiserum to Pseudomonas syringae pv. pisi the causal organism of bacterial blight of pea in Syria. Arab J. Pl. Prot. 17(1):26-30.
       
    135. Makkouk, K.M. and S.G. Kumari. 1999. Resistance in lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) to three persistently transmitted viruses. Proceedings of the 2nd Regional Symposium for Cereal and Legume Diseases, Nabeul, Tunisia, 10-12 November, 1999. Pages: 395-401.
       
    136. Tadesse, N., K. Ali, D. Gorfu, A. Abraham, A. Lencho, M. Ayalew, A. Yusuf, K.M. Makkouk and S.G. Kumari. 1999. Survey for chickpea and lentil virus diseases in Ethiopia. Phytopathologia Mediterranea 38:149-158.
       
    137. Shamloul, A.M., A. Hadidi, M.A. Madkour and K.M. Makkouk. 1999. Sensitive detection of bannana bunchy top and fababean necrotic yellows viruses from infected leaves, in vitro tissue cultures, and viruliferous aphids using polymerase chain reaction. Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology 21:326-337.
       
    138. Bertschinger, L., M.D.H. William, N. Islam-Faridi, A. Cortes, D. Gonzalez de Leon, A. Mujeeb-Kazi, A. Comeau, K.Makkouk, H. Ohm, R. Appels. 1994. Progress in Developing bread wheat resistant to barley yellow dwarf viruses using serological, molecular marker and molecular cytogenetic techniques. Plant Genome II Conference, Town & Country Conference Center, San Diego, CA, January, 1994.
       
    139. Najar, A., K.M. Makkouk and S.G. Kumari. 2000. First record of Barley yellow striate mosaic virus, Barley stripe mosaic virus, and Wheat dwarf virus infecting cereal crops in Tunisia. Plant Disease 84: 1045.
       
    140. Najar, A., K. M. Makkouk and S.G. Kumari. 2000. First record of Faba bean necrotic yellows virus and Beet western yellows virus infecting faba bean in Tunisia. Plant Disease 84: 1046.
       
    141. Abraham, A., K.M. Makkouk, D. Gorfu, A. G. Lencho, K. Ali, N. Tadessi, A. Yusuf and A. Lencho. 2000. Survey of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) virus diseases in Ethiopia. Phytopathologia Mediterranea, 39:277-282.
       
    142. Talhouk, A.S. and K.M. Makkouk. 2000. Aphids as pests and vectors of virus diseases affecting agricultural crops in Lebanon and Syria. Lebanese Science Journal, 1(2):123-137.
       
    143. Kaiser, W.J., M.D. Ramsey, K.M. Makkouk, T.W. Bretag, N. Acikgoz, J. Kumar and J.M. Nutter. 2000. Foliar diseases of cool season food legumes and their control. Pages 437-456 in Linking Research and Marketing Opportunities for Pulses in the 21st Century: Proceedings of the Third International Food Legumes Research Conference, 22-26 Sept 1997, Adelaide, Australia (R. Knight, ed.).
       
    144. Najar, A., K.M. Makkouk, H. Boudhir, S.G. Kumari, R. Zarouk, R. Bessai and F. Ben Othman. 2000. Viral diseases of cultivated legume and cereal crops in Tunisia. Phytopathologia Mediterranea, 39:423-432.
       
    145. Van Leur, J.A.G., H. Marcellos, K.M. Makkouk, I. Paull and I.A. Rose. 2000. Identification of resistance to bean leaf roll luteo virus in faba bean. Biological and Cultural Tests for Control of Plant Diseases, 15:27.
       
    146. Makkouk, K.M., W. Ghulam and S.G. Kumari. 2001. First report of Barley yellow striate mosaic virus infecting barley and wheat in Lebanon. Plant Disease, 85: 446.
       
    147. Makkouk, K.M., M.A. El-Muadhidi and S.G. Kumari. 2001. First record of beet western yellows, chickpea chlorotic dwarf and faba bean necrotic yellows viruses affecting faba bean (Vicia faba L.) crops in Iraq. Plant Pathology, 50 (6): 793.
       
    148. Makkouk, K.M., S. Kumari, A. Sarker and W. Erskine. 2001. Registration of six lentil germplasm lines with combined resistance to viruses. Crop Science 41:931-932..
       
    149. Makkouk, K.M., A. Najar and S. G. Kumari. 2001. First record of Barley yellow dwarf and Cereal yellow dwarf viruses in Tunisia. Plant Pathology, 50(6):806.
       
    150. Makkouk, K.M., M. Bashir, R.A.C. Jones and S. G. Kumari. 2001. Survey for viruses in lentil and chickpea crops in Pakistan. Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection, 108(3):258-268.
       
    151. Makkouk, K.M. and S.G. Kumari. 2001. Reduction of spread of three persistently aphid-transmitted viruses affecting legume crops by seed-treatment with Imidacloprid (Gaucho ). Crop Protection, 20(5): 433-437.
       
    152. Bekele, B., K. M. Makkouk, A. Yusuf, F. Alemayu and A. Lencho. 2001. Occurrence and distribution of barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) isolates in central Ethiopia. International Journal of Pest Management, 47 (2): 115-119.
       
    153. Makkouk, K.M. and N. Attar. 2001. Effect of Storage and Heat Treatment on Barley stripe mosaic virus (BSMV) in Barley Seeds. Arab J. Pl. Prot. 19: 52-54.
       
    154. Makkouk, K.M., S.G. Kumari and J. van Leur. 2001. Selection in faba bean (Vicia faba L.) for Bean leaf roll virus resistance. Pages 97-100, In: Proceeding of 11th Congress of the Mediterranean Phytopathological Union and 3rd Congress of the Sociedade Portuguese de Fitopatologia, September 17-20, 2001, University of Evora, Evora, Portugal.
       
    155. Najar, A., K.M. Makkouk and S.G. Kumari. 2001. Identification and seasonal variation of virus diseases of cereal and legume crops in Tunisia. Pages 314-317, In: Proceeding of 11th Congress of the Mediterranean Phytopathological Union and 3rd Congress of the Sociedade Portuguese de Fitopatologia, September 17-20, 2001, University of Evora, Evora, Portugal.
       
    156. Makkouk, K.M., S. G. Kumari, and D.-E. Lesemann. 2001. First Record of Pea enation mosaic virus Naturally Infecting Chickpea and Grasspea Crops in Syria. Plant Disease, 85(9): 1032.
       
    157. Kumari, S.G., K.M. Makkouk, L. Katul and H.J. Vetten. 2001. Polyclonal Antibodies to the Bacterially Expressed Coat Protein of Faba Bean Necrotic Yellows Virus. Journal of Phytopathology 149:543-550.
       
    158. Makkouk, K.M., S. G. Kumari, Z. Kadirova, and A. Zueva. 2001. First Record of Barley yellow striate mosaic virus and Cereal yellow dwarf virus-RPV Infecting Wheat in Uzbekistan. Plant Disease, 85(10):1122.
       
    159. El-Muadhidi, M.A., K.M. Makkouk, S.G. Kumari, M. Jerjess, S.S. Murad, R.R. Mustafa and F. Tarik. 2001. Survey for legume and cereal viruses in Iraq. Phytopathologia Mediterranea, 40(3): 224-233.
       
    160. Makkouk, K.M. 2000. Importance of reliable crop-loss information to assess integrated pest management program and priorities. Pages 505-507. In: Proceedings of Indian Phytopathological Society-Golden Jubilee: International Conference on Integrated Plant Disease Management for Sustainable Agriculture. Indian Phytopathological Society, New Delhi, India. 1281 pp.
       
    161. Kumari, S.G., K. M. Makkouk and B. Bayaa. 2001. Pea Enation Mosaic Virus-1 Infecting Lentil in Syria, and Further Information on its Host range, Purification, Serology and Transmission Characteristics. Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 19 (2): 65-72.
       
    162. Makkouk, K.M. and W. Ghulam. 2002. Estimating yield losses in cereal infected with Barley yellow dwarf virus. Pages 55-57. In: Barley Yellow Dwarf Diseases: Recent Advances and Future Strategies. M. Henry and A. McNab (Editors). Mexico, D.F.: CIMMYT. 139 pp.
       
    163. Makkouk, K.M., W. Ghulam, M. Baum, S. Ceccarelli and S. Grando. 2002. Use of PCR markers to select Barley yellow dwarf virus resistance plants. Pages 123-126. In: Barley Yellow Dwarf Diseases: Recent Advances and Future Strategies. M. Henry and A. McNab (Editors). Mexico, D.F.: CIMMYT. 139 pp.
       
    164. Makkouk, K.M., S.G. Kumari and J.A.G. van Leur. 2002. Screening and selection of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) germplasm resistant to Bean leafroll virus. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 53: 1077-1082.
       
    165. Abraham, A. and K.M. Makkouk. 2002. The incidence and distribution of seed-transmitted viruses in pea and lentil seed lost in Ethiopia. Seed Sci. & Technol. 30: 567-574.
       
    166. Makkouk, K.M., Y. Fazlali, S.G. Kumari and S.Farzadfar. 2002. First record of Beet western yellows, Chickpea chlorotic dwarf, Faba bean necrotic yellows and Soybean dwarf viruses affecting chickpea and lentil crops in Iran. Plant Pathology, 51(3): 387.
       
    167. Al-Khalaf, M., K.M. Makkouk and Amin Haj Kasem. 2002. Seed-transmission of Broad bean stain virus in Lentil with Respect to genotype Variability and Seed Size. Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 20: 106-110.
       
    168. Makkouk, K.M. and S.G. Kumari. 2002. Low-cost paper can be used in tissue-blot immunoassay for detection of cereal and legume viruses. Phytopathologia Mediterranea, 41: 275-278.
       
    169. Hamed, A. Abdelmagid and K.M. Makkouk. 2002. Occurrence and management of Chickpea chlorotic dwarf virus in chickpea fields in northern Sudan. Phytopathologia Mediterranea, 41: 193-198.
       
    170. Makkouk, K.M., A. Najar and S.G. Kumari. 2002. Virus diseases and sources of resistance in cool season food legumes in the Mediterranean Region: a review. Pages 75-81. In: Symposium Proceeding of LEGUMED: Grain Legumes in the Mediterranean Agriculture (faba bean and other grain legumes in today Mediterranean agriculture: biotic constraints and integrated regional strategy). 25-27 October, 2001, IAV Hassan II, Rabat, Morocco. 180 pp.
       
    171. Farzadfar, S. R. Pourrahim, A. R. Golnaraghi, N. Shahraeen and K. M. Makkouk. 2002. First report of sugar beet and bean as natural hosts of Chickpea chlorotic dwarf virus in Iran. Plant Pathology, 51(6): 795.
       
    172. Kumari, S.G. and K.M. Makkouk. 2003. Differentiation among Bean leafroll virus susceptible and resistant lentil and faba bean genotypes on the basis of virus movement and multiplication. Journal of Phytopathology, 151: 19-25.
       
    173. Makkouk, K.M., S.G. Kumari, N. Shahraeen, Y. Fazlali, Sh. Farzadfar, T. Ghotbi and A. Reza Mansouri. 2003. Identification and seasonal variation of viral diseases of chickpea and lentil in Iran. Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection, 110(2): 157-169.
       
    174. James, B., P. Neuenschwander, R. Markham, P. Anderson, A. Braun, W. Overholt, Z. R. Khan, K. Makkoukand A. Emechebe, 2003. Bridging the Gap with the CGIAR Systemwide program on Integrated Pest Management. In K. M. Maredia, D. Dakouo and D. Mota-Sanchez (eds), 2003. Integrated Pest Management in the Global Arena". pp 419-434. CAB International.
       
    175. Makkouk, K.M., A.A. Hamed, M. Hussein and S.G. Kumari. 2003. First report of Faba bean necrotic yellows virus (FBNYV) infecting chickpea (Cicer arietinum) and faba bean (Vicia faba) crops in Sudan. Plant Pathology, 52(3): 412.
       
    176. Makkouk, K.M., L. Rizkallah, S.G. Kumari, M. Zaki and R. Abul Enein. 2003. First record of Chickpea chlorotic dwarf virus (CpCDV) affecting faba bean (Vicia faba) crops in Egypt. Plant Pathology, 52(3): 413.
       
    177. Makkouk, K.M. and N. Attar. 2003. Seed transmission of Cucumber mosaic virus and Alfalfa mosaic virus in lentil seeds. Arab Jouranl of Plant Protection, 21: 49-52.
       

     
New Publications
The Arab Scientists in Cooperation with The High Institute of Marine Research. Publish all the researches abstracts, which presented in The Regional Workshop on Marine Sciences and Natural Resources, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria, 25-26 May 2004.


New Publications
The Arab Scientists in Cooperation with The Egyptian Society for Biological Control of Pests . Publish all the researches abstracts, which presented in The First Arab Conference of Applied Biological Pest Control, Cairo, Egypt, 5-7 April 2004.


Conferences, Fez
The First International Symposium on Environnement protection for development Biotechnological aspects. Fez, December
15 – 17, 2004.


Conferences, Syria
The Second Syrian-Egyptian conference in the Agriculture and Food. Agriculture Faculty, Al-Baath university, Homs, Syria. 25-28 April, 05


Conference,Yemen
Current Status of Plant Protection in Yemen and Future Strategy. Faculty of Agriculture, Sana'a University, Sana'a, yemen. December 18-20/2004


Conferences Canada
The 9th International Conference of the Orthopterists’ Society Canada, on August 14 19, 2005


Conferences, Egypt
The First Arab Conference on Applications of Biological Control of Pests in Arab Countries


Workshop,Lebanon
New Workshop Middle-East Academy for Medicine of Ageing First Annual Middle-East Age & Aging Meeting 8-11 April, 2004

  
Publications
Arab Society for Plant Protection (ASPP) in Cooperation with The Arab Scientists
Publish all the researches abstracts, which presented in the Eighth Arab Congress of Plant Protection, held in Faculty of Agriculture, Omar Al-Mukhtar University, El-beida City, Libya, October 12-16,2003

  
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