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Occurrence Of Cereal Cyst Nematode On Wheat And Barley In Syria
Hussam Abidou(1) Ahmed El-Ahmad(1) Amor
Yahyaoui(2) and Roger Rivoal(3)
(1)Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture,
University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria
E-mail: A.Yahyaoui@cgiar.org
(2)International
Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), P.O. Box 5466,
Aleppo, Syria
(3)Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique
(INRA), UMR BiO3P, BP35327, Le Rheu, France
Abstract
Cereal cyst nematode (CCN) is one of the most important cereals root pests in
the Mediterranean basin especially in rainfed areas, and studies on this pest
are still few in Syria. The objective of this study was to survey the cereal
cyst nematode in Syria at random in the wheat and barley growing areas. Eighty
wheat and 63 barley fields were surveyed during three growing seasons
(2000-2003). A two kg soil sample was collected from each field and washed in
Fenwick can to extract the cysts. The population density of cyst per 100 grams
of soil was evaluated. The CCN was found in 63.8% wheat fields and 77.8% barley
fields. The highest population density was recorded in two barley fields in Hama
and Aleppo provinces (319 and 181 cysts/100 g soil, respectively). Mean
population density of cysts in 100 g soil was 88 and 51 in Hama, 62 and 20 in
Aleppo, 56 and 15 in Idleb, 40 and 1 in Raqqa, on barley and wheat,
respectively. In other areas, the population density was no more than 15
cysts/100 g soil (Damascus, Daraa and Hasakeh) and the minimum was recorded in
Lattakia, Tartus, Homs and Der Ezzor. Species identification was done according
to some morphometrical characters of perineal pattern of the vulval cone of the
cysts. Heterodera latipons Frank. was the most dominant species in both
wheat and barley fields, whereas, Heterodera avenae Woll. was recorded on
barley in Aleppo in two locations (Bayaeh and Bouider) and on wheat in Hama in
one location (Musyaf). In another location (Gandura) in Aleppo, a different
species was recorded on barley and its morphometrical characters were close to
that of the speciesHeterodera filipjevi Madz, which belongs to the H.
avenae group of the cyst forming nematode on cereals.
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