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Molecular Analysis Of The Reaction Of Sugar Beet Plants To The Resistance
Inductor (Bion®) As Well As On The Infestation By Polymyxa Betae And
Rizomania
A.M. Mouhanna(1)G. Langen(2)K.H.
Kogel(2)and E. Schloesser(2)
(1)General
Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, P.O. Box 113, Douma, Damascus,
Syria
E-mail: AhmadMouhanna@gmx.net
(2)Institut for
Phytopathology and Applied Zoology, Justus-Liebig-University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring
26-32, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
Abstract
Rhizomania is a soil-borne disease of sugar beet roots, which is caused by
two viruses, Beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) and Beet
soil-borne virus (BSBV) and transmitted by the vector Polymyxa betae.
A heavy infestation leads to yield losses up to 70% and a substantial reduction
of sugar content. Systemic Acquired Resistance (SAR, synonym: Induced
Resistance) is a new principle to control plant pathogens. The aim of this
approach is not to directly control phytopathogenic organisms by toxic agents
but the activation of the naturally existing plant resistance potential against
a broad spectrum of plant pathogens by application of so-called plant resistance
inducers. This resistance potential could be activated in sugar beets with the
help of BION® (ASM: Acibenzolar-S-methyl) as an inducer of SAR. Treatment of
plants with the resistance activator or an infection with microorganisms induces
a substantial de novo synthesis of PR-proteins (pathogenesis-related
proteins), especially ?-1,3-glucanases and chitinases which are not detected in
non-infected or non-treated control plants. In several trials the activator
BION® reduced the level of BNYVV and BSBV in rhizomania-tolerant and
-susceptible sugar beet cultivars. Therefore, different hypothesis on whether
BION® causes accumulation of PR-proteins as a proof of the activation of defense
against pathogens in intercellular and extracellular regions in leaves and roots
were examined. In addition, whether a transcript accumulation of chitinase III
occurred in leaves and roots of sugar beet plants after an infection with
rhizomania or virus-free Polymyxa betae was also examined
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