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Alfalfa Mosaic Virus (Amv) On Alfalfa (Medicago Sativa L.) In
Saudi Arabia
Ibrahim M. Al-Shahwan
Plant Protection Department, College
of Agriculture, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of
Saudi Arabia
E-mail: ishahwan@ksu.edu.sa
Abstract
Frequent field visits to alfalfa fields at different locations in four
regions in Saudi Arabia were carried out to identify Alfalfa mosaic virus
(AMV) during the period from 1987 to 1999. The observed field symptoms were
variable and included mosaic, mottling, stunting, distortion, calico and other
symptoms. Mechanical inoculation with one isolate of this virus resulted in
local lesions on Chenopodium amaranticolor Coste& Ryen. And
Gomphrena globosa L., and systemic mosaic on Capsicum annuum L.,
M. sativa L., Nicotiana glutinosa L., N. tabaccum L., and
Solanum nigrum. No symptoms were observed on Cucumis melo L. and
C. sativus L. and Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. plants. The
thermal inactivation point (TIP) for this isolate was between 60-70 C and the
dilution end point (DEP) was between 1x10-3 and 1x10-4 and the longevity in
vitro was four days. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to
detect alfalfa mosaic virus in alfalfa leaf tissue samples collected from
different fields at 23 widely seperated locations (average of 3 samples/ field
and 1-3 fields/ location) or in samples brought to the laboratory by farmers.
The results indicated that this virus was found at all locations and in all the
tested samples (184) except two, one from Al-Deriyah and the other from
Al-Waseel locations. This is the first confirmed report regarding the presence
of AMV in three regions (Asser, Gassim and Najran) and of its wide occurrence in
16 locations in the Riyadh region, the most important area for alfalfa
production in Saudi Arabia. |
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