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Integrated Management of Whitefly and Sunscald: The Major Tomato Yield
Reducing Factors in Sudan
- Oji, F.L.(1) and Ali, T. E.(2)
- (1)Agricultural Research Corporation (ARC),Hudeiba Research Station, P.O. Box 31, Ed-Damer, SUDAN.
E-mail: francisoji@hotmail.com
- (2)University of Khartoum, Faculty of Agriculture, Shambat, Sudan.
- The Third International Conference onIPM Role in Integrated Crop management and Impacts on Environment and Agricultural Products. 26-29 November 2005, Giza, Egypt.
Abstract
Tomato, Lycopersicon esculentum (Mill.) is popular vegetable crop in the Sudan. Whitefly (Bemisia tabaci Gen.) is a key pest of tomato as sap feeder and vector of virulent viruses. Sunscald is another major tomato yield-reducing factor in northern Sudan especially during summer. A number of chemical insecticides are used for whitefly control. However, there is no universally ideal pesticide known for whitefly control. Besides they are expensive for poor farmers who often harvest their fruits the next day after spray. Therefore, this study focuses on development of a sustainable whitefly and sunscald management strategy for all the year round tomato production. The effectiveness of some cultural practices and insecticides were assessed in two field experiments, conducted over two seasons. Treatments evaluated were staked (trelling), unstaked, staked+ grass cover, unstaked+ grass cover, unstaked+ Mulch+ grass cover and unstated+ Mulch. In the second season the combined effect of cultural practices and chemical insecticide (Malataf) were evaluated. Results showed that, staking tomato significantly reduced whitefly infestation as well as losses caused by sunscald and fruit rotting. Staking tomatoes increased the yield of marketable tomatoes up to 95.3%. Losses caused by fungal diseases were significantly reduced in all staked plants. Integration of cultural practices with synthetic chemical insecticide increased the yield of marketable tomato fruit over control by 33%. This can be a solution to all the year round production of tomatoes.
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